The global high-tech fiber mainly includes six kinds of high-tech fiber (special fiber) and high performance and multi-functional traditional fiber, which represents the development direction of chemical fiber industry. With the deepening of application research and the development of new market, this kind of fiber will gradually become the main force of the development of textile industry and the main income source of future. By the end of the 13th five-year plan, China is expected to form a new high-tech fiber industry pattern with a variety of varieties and USES.

The global high-tech fiber is booming

Recently a significant innovation in some traditional chemical fiber technology, such as coke li whalen production line from raw material to finished product production time from 1 day to 10 min, line length is reduced to 1/5, by stretching the original 30 ~ 40 s drop to a few seconds, achieve energy-saving and land-saving and reduce cost, and improve product uniformity.

PHP fiber (Germany) the emergence of the new super flat double yarn, after the production process of coated fabric at least save sizing and washing, and reduce the flammability and rigidity of the fabric, improved the thermal stability, expand the industrial USES, polylactic acid (PLA) has been used in polyamide, polyester and flat wire.

Beaulieu international (BFI) fiber cross section development of the new company for triangular lightweight, super soft and high strength PP fiber "HT8", 10% ~ 15% lighter than the ordinary polypropylene fiber, soft, looping, transparency, and feel good, adjustable liquid content, suitable for sanitary materials, such as baby diapers and thermoplastic resin composites reinforced nonwoven fabric.

(1) high temperature resistant fiber

1. Polyimide fiber (PIMF)

PIMF high performance fiber spacesuit

To enter mass production PIMF the high-performance fibers in is very old, dupont developed the first batch of products in the early 1970 s "PRD - 14", then test in Shanghai synthetic fiber research institute of success, both use the polyamide acid dry spinning process. In the same period, monsanto company has commercialized the fiber "Durette", which is condensed and spun by both phthalic anhydride and hexaniline. In the late 1970s, Upjohn, the United States, was the first to develop PIM copolymerized fiber with successful ketoanhydride. In 1980, Beijing synthetic fiber testing plant purchased a small amount of spinning fluid for wet spinning. Later, Japan and Austria to buy its production technology, formed the current by the Inspec fiber company production of P - 84. Then for a long time, only Russia exclusive production by all four methyl benzene anhydride and 4, 4 '- diphenyl ether diamine polycondensation and spinning fiber "Polyimid", in the early 1990 s developed a series of PIM homopolymerization and copolymerization with high strength and high modulus fiber, comprehensive performance is far more than para aromatic polyamide fibers.

Until around 2010, the industrialization of PIMF was realized by three units in China, and the process technology was different, and now it has developed into the world's leading high-temperature resistant fiber variety. Changchun gaoqi polyimide materials co., LTD., choose the wet spinning of polyamide acid and high temperature cyclization process, now the production capacity of 000 t/a, the brand name "proliferation black silk ribbon," 4.0 cN/dtex fiber strength, elongation rate 25%, coefficient of thermal conductivity at 300 ℃ for 0.03 W/(m K), limiting oxygen index (LOI) 30, pyrolysis temperature 570 ℃, has been applied in our country the first ton of cement production line of the preheater dust removal system, dust emission concentration of 16 mg/(n. m3). It can also be used for high temperature dust filter bags in power plants and steel mills. In order to improve the capture efficiency of PM 2.5 particles, the superfine PIMF was applied to the surface of the gradient filter material, improving the performance of the clean ash.

In addition, jiangsu oshen group developed the dry spinning PIMF; However, in changzhou, Beijing university of chemical engineering USES a whole new process technology. It is not required to make the process of the spinning of the amide acid and the heat treatment ring, and then the PIMF can be prepared directly by wet spinning.

Aichi industry comprehensive center and fibre sanhe technology cooperation of science and technology is developed using 3, 3 ', 4, 4 '- four carboxylic acid anhydride (BPDA) biphenyl, 4, 4' - diamino diphenyl ether (DADE), 4, 4 '- (4 - amino phenoxy) biphenyl (BAPB) and double (3 - amino - 4 - phenol) sulfone (HOABSO2) polycondensation method, two pieces of the first paragraph polycondensation add BPDA and BAPB first, then add lactone, pyridine, NMP and methyl thermal mixing polycondensation, cooling after additional BPDA, DADE, thermal polycondensation HOABSO2 and NMP in the second paragraph, then wet spinning, washing, drying, in 250 ~ 300 ℃ hot plate under tensile and are new PIMF 2 ~ 9.8 times. Fiber line density 2 ~ 14 dtex, strength 8.0 cN/dtex, break elongation rate 10% ~ 20%, LOI value 39.

2. Polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPSF)

PPSF fiber

Due to China's increasingly strict air pollution and environmental regulations, the acupuncture filter bags of coal-fired power plants in China have become the largest market in PPSF. According to statistics, at present is less than 10, the PPSF manufacturers in the world of toray is one of the most competitive manufacturers, its production capacity of 000 t/a, the common product of linear density is 2.2 dtex, 1.0 dtex thin specifications wire and high strength wire is its main products. 70% of the company's PPSF products are sold to the Chinese market, and the former is more efficient, so the production ratio in Japan will be raised to 50% from 2% to 3% in the future.

The 10,000 t/a PPSF in deyang, sichuan province, has been shut down in the spring of 2014 due to poor management. The supply of PPSF has been further tightened around the world. Currently, the products of three Japanese manufacturers are mainly imported into our country. The Beijing institute of clothing and clothing has prepared "island fiber" through PPS/PA6 (nylon 6) blending and spinning, and then dissolves the PA6 by dissolving the PA6 with formic acid, which is said to be only 104 ~ 150 nm in diameter.

3. Aromatic polyamide fiber (m-arf)

Following American dupont, the Japanese emperor and China's production of m-arf, Huvis, South Korea, recently put into production m-arf, which is used as a fire service. The company is a joint venture established by South Korea's SK chemistry and Samyang in 2000, and its aromatic polyamide fiber is still in the middle of the pilot phase. This new type of fire service coat is made of 100 m - ARF, with an outer layer of about 95% m-arf and 5% p-arf. Teijin in Thailand, a subsidiary of the production of a new generation of "Conex neo", production process and Japan Conex fiber is approximately the same, but different spinning process, less dosage of solvent, chemicals and energy consumption, less input raw materials by Japan, China or India, fiber production capacity of 200 t/a, 2 in 2020 is expected to reach sales of 20 billion yen. This new m - ARF has the world's highest thermal protection performance and stability of dyed, can be carried out after dyeing, etc., mainly used in protective clothing, ChuRi market outside the us and Europe, in recent years development to Asia especially China; In addition, it is the hose of the turbocharger.

The di also developed the second series of battery diaphragm "Lielsort," which started production in south Korea's Teijin Lielsort Korea. The products are coated with polyethylene and fluoride with excellent adhesion and oxidation resistance. The target is expected to reach 20 billion yen by 2020.

4. Aromatic polyamide - imide fiber (PAIF)

PAIF fiber

The PAIF fiber is produced exclusively by the French company Kermel, with a capacity of 1 200 t/a, which is well known worldwide for its high temperature and fire resistance. Our country has no production of this product. The main use of the fiber is the uniform of fire fighting clothing and flammable explosive factory, which can meet the requirements of international EN ISO 11612 and NFPA 2112 and wear comfort. Followed by metallurgical industry and steel, cement, asphalt LiQingChang, garbage incinerators and other energy sources in the field of high temperature dust filter bag, its heat resistance, mechanical strength and chemical stability is better than the m - ARF, and close to the performance of polyimide fibers; Third use is the army's combat dress, using KermelCode C7 varieties, with high temperature resistance and flame retardant, under the operating conditions can be long-term fabric strength, long service life and light, so the major eu countries uniforms were picked from the fiber; The fourth purpose is the police special police uniform, such as anti-detonation police uniform and federal police uniform, with low flammability and good protection.

5. Polybenzimidazole fiber (PBIF)

PBIF fiber

The PBIF was made in 1968 by the American Celanese (Celanese) company to realize the pilot and industrialization of the patented technology invented by marvel, and the current production capacity of 500 t/a is not available in China. Its biggest characteristic is has outstanding resistance to high temperature and chemical stability, moisture absorption rate is as high as 14%, radiation resistance, therefore very suitable for the air force flight suit and tank corps of clothing, it is unable to substitute other high-performance fibers. In addition, it can be used for filtering materials in extreme conditions. In recent years has developed a variety of forms and various USES of PBIF, such as Dow Chemical (Dow) using the hollow fiber reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, using electrostatic spinning of nanofibers nonwoven as prepared by the fuel cell membrane and filter material, etc.

PBI resin can be used as resin matrix of high - strength high modulus fiber for high - temperature and anti-radiation.

6. Polyether imide fiber (PEIF)

Basic varieties of PEIF only Japanese cola company exclusive rights to produce, production capacity of 600 t/a, 2.6 cN/dtex strength, elongation at break > 0, < 180 ℃ heat yield 3%, the LOI 31, smoke density of only 0.2 in case of fire, and between the aromatic polyamide fiber was 8.5, good dyeability. The fiber can be further processed into the yarn, or blended yarn with polyester, non-woven fabric, special paper, artificial leather, composite material, UD belt, etc., which can meet the anti-flammability standard of high-speed railway and aircraft.

Saudi SABIC's acquisition of the PEIF pilot plant in the us GE company has been slow to industrialise, while China has been developing for years and has not yet been industrialized.

(2) flame resistant fiber

1. Melamine fiber (MLAF)

MLAF, also known as melamine - formaldehyde fiber, has a three-way crosslinking structure, which is currently exclusively produced by BASF (BASF), with a capacity of 1 500 t/a, and the commodity name "Basofil". It is the only white anti-flammable fiber that can be dyed into various required colors, which has characteristics of high temperature resistance, fire resistance, low thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, resistance and moisture absorption. The method includes the use of centrifugal spinning and the short fibers or non-woven fabrics of various lengths and degrees, and the dry spinning can be used to prepare the uniform filament. USES include anti-flammable interior materials, flammable and explosive factory work clothes, fire-fighting clothes, interior decoration materials and special military uniforms. Our country has been researching and developing for many years, mainly carrying out the research of dry spinning, but has not realized industrialization.

2. Phenolic fiber (PNF)